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【TED】李开复:人工智能如何拯救人类

 

I'm going to talk about how AI and mankind can coexist. [AI] 我要谈谈人工智能和人类是如何共存的。 but first. we have to rethink about our human values. [AI] 但是首先。我们必须重新思考我们的人类价值观。 So let me first make a confession about my errors in my values. [AI] 因此,让我首先承认我在价值观上的错误。 It was 11 o'clock. December 16. 1991. [AI] 当时是11点。十二月十六号。1991 I was about to become a father for the first time. [AI] 我第一次就要当爸爸了。 My wife. Shen-Ling. lay in the hospital bed [AI] 我妻子。沈玲。躺在病床上 going through a very difficult 12-hour labor. [AI] 经历了非常困难的12小时劳动。 I sat by her bedside [AI] 我坐在她的床边 but looked anxiously at my watch. [AI] 但他焦急地看着我的手表。 and I knew something that she didn't. [AI] 我知道一些她不知道的事情。 I knew that if in one hour. [AI] 我知道如果在一小时内。 our child didn't come. [AI] 我们的孩子没有来。 I was going to leave her there [AI] 我打算把她留在那里 and go back to work [AI] 然后回去工作 and make a presentation about AI [AI] 做一个关于人工智能的演讲 to my boss. Apple's CEO. [AI] 给我的老板。苹果的首席执行官。 Fortunately. my daughter was born at 11:30 -- [AI] 幸运地我女儿11:30出生-- (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) (Applause) [AI] (掌声) sparing me from doing the unthinkable. [AI] 不让我做那些不可思议的事。 and to this day. I am so sorry [AI] 直到今天。我很抱歉 for letting my work ethic take precedence over love for my family. [AI] 让我的职业道德高于对家庭的爱。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声) My AI talk. however. went off brilliantly. [AI] 我的AI语言。然而非常出色。 (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) Apple loved my work and decided to announce it [AI] 苹果喜欢我的工作,并决定宣布它 at TED1992. [AI] 在1992年的TED上。 26 years ago on this very stage. [AI] 26年前就在这个舞台上。 I thought I had made one of the biggest. most important discoveries in AI. [AI] 我以为我做了一个最大的。人工智能中最重要的发现。 and so did the "Wall Street Journal" on the following day. [AI] 第二天的《华尔街日报》也是如此。 But as far as discoveries went. [AI] 但就发现而言。 it turned out. [AI] 结果是。 I didn't discover India. or America. [AI] 我没有发现印度。或者美国。 Perhaps I discovered a little island off of Portugal. [AI] 也许我在葡萄牙附近发现了一个小岛。 But the AI era of discovery continued. [AI] 但人工智能的发现时代仍在继续。 and more scientists poured their souls into it. [AI] 更多的科学家倾注了他们的灵魂。 About 10 years ago. the grand AI discovery [AI] 大约10年前。人工智能大发现 was made by three North American scientists. [AI] 这是由三位北美科学家制作的。 and it's known as deep learning. [AI] 这就是所谓的深度学习。 Deep learning is a technology that can take a huge amount of data [AI] 深度学习是一种可以获取大量数据的技术 within one single domain [AI] 在一个域内 and learn to predict or decide at superhuman accuracy. [AI] 学会以超人的准确度预测或决定。 For example. if we show the deep learning network [AI] 例如如果我们展示深度学习网络 a massive number of food photos. [AI] 大量的食物照片。 it can recognize food [AI] 它能识别食物 such as hot dog or no hot dog. [AI] 比如热狗或者没有热狗。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声) Or if we show it many pictures and videos and sensor data [AI] 或者如果我们给它看很多图片、视频和传感器数据 from driving on the highway. [AI] 在高速公路上开车。 it can actually drive a car as well as a human being [AI] 它实际上可以驾驶汽车,也可以驾驶人 on the highway. [AI] 在高速公路上。 And what if we showed this deep learning network [AI] 如果我们展示这个深度学习网络呢 all the speeches made by President Trump? [AI] 特朗普总统的所有演讲? Then this artificially intelligent President Trump. [AI] 然后是这位人工智能的特朗普总统。 actually the network -- [AI] 实际上是网络-- (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) can -- [AI] 能-- (Applause) [AI] (掌声) You like double oxymorons. huh? [AI] 你喜欢双重矛盾修饰法。呵呵? (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) (Applause) [AI] (掌声) So this network. if given the request to make a speech about AI. [AI] 所以这个网络。如果被要求就人工智能发表演讲。 he. or it. might say -- [AI] 他或者它。可能会说-- (Recording) Donald Trump: It's a great thing [AI] (录音)唐纳德·特朗普:这是一件伟大的事情 to build a better world with artificial intelligence. [AI] 用人工智能建立一个更美好的世界。 Kai-Fu Lee: And maybe in another language? [AI] 李开复:也许用另一种语言? DT: (Speaking Chinese) [AI] (说中文) (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) KFL: You didn't know he knew Chinese. did you? [AI] 你不知道他懂中文。是吗? So deep learning has become the core in the era of AI discovery. [AI] 因此,深度学习已成为人工智能发现时代的核心。 and that's led by the US. [AI] 这是由美国领导的。 But we're now in the era of implementation. [AI] 但我们现在正处于实施的时代。 where what really matters is execution. product quality. speed and data. [AI] 真正重要的是执行。产品质量。速度和数据。 And that's where China comes in. [AI] 这就是中国的作用所在。 Chinese entrepreneurs. [AI] 中国企业家。 who I fund as a venture capitalist. [AI] 我以风险投资家的身份资助他。 are incredible workers. [AI] 他们是不可思议的工人。 amazing work ethic. [AI] 惊人的职业道德。 My example in the delivery room is nothing compared to how hard people work in China. [AI] 我在产房的例子与中国人的努力相比根本算不上什么。 As an example. one startup tried to claim work-life balance: [AI] 举个例子。一家初创公司试图平衡工作与生活: "Come work for us because we are 996." [AI] “来为我们工作吧,因为我们是996。” And what does that mean? [AI] 那是什么意思? It means the work hours of 9am to 9pm. six days a week. [AI] 指的是上午9点到晚上9点的工作时间。一周六天。 That's contrasted with other startups that do 997. [AI] 这与其他做997的创业公司形成了对比。 And the Chinese product quality has consistently gone up [AI] 中国的产品质量一直在提高 in the past decade. [AI] 在过去的十年里。 and that's because of a fiercely competitive environment. [AI] 这是因为竞争激烈的环境。 In Silicon Valley. entrepreneurs compete in a very gentlemanly fashion. [AI] 在硅谷。企业家们以非常绅士的方式竞争。 sort of like in old wars in which each side took turns [AI] 有点像旧战争中,双方轮流作战 to fire at each other. [AI] 互相射击。 (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) But in the Chinese environment. [AI] 但在中国的环境中。 it's truly a gladiatorial fight to the death. [AI] 这真是一场角斗至死。 In such a brutal environment. entrepreneurs learn to grow very rapidly. [AI] 在如此残酷的环境中。企业家学会快速成长。 they learn to make their products better at lightning speed. [AI] 他们学习以闪电般的速度改进产品。 and they learn to hone their business models [AI] 他们还学会磨练自己的商业模式 until they're impregnable. [AI] 直到它们坚不可摧。 As a result. great Chinese products like WeChat and Weibo [AI] 因此好的中国产品,如微信和微博 are arguably better than the equivalent American products from Facebook and Twitter. [AI] 可以说比Facebook和Twitter上同等的美国产品要好。 And the Chinese market embraces this change and accelerated change and paradigm shifts. [AI] 中国市场接受了这一变化,并加速了变化和范式转变。 As an example. if any of you go to China. [AI] 举个例子。如果你们中有人去中国。 you will see it's almost cashless and credit card-less. [AI] 你会发现它几乎没有现金和信用卡。 because that thing that we all talk about. mobile payment. [AI] 因为我们都在谈论的那件事。移动支付。 has become the reality in China. [AI] 在中国已经成为现实。 In the last year. [AI] 去年。 18.8 trillion US dollars were transacted on mobile internet. [AI] 移动互联网交易额18.8万亿美元。 and that's because of very robust technologies built behind it. [AI] 这是因为它背后建立了非常强大的技术。 It's even bigger than the China GDP. [AI] 它甚至超过了中国的GDP。 And this technology. you can say. how can it be bigger than the GDP? [AI] 这项技术。你可以说。它怎么能超过GDP呢? Because it includes all transactions: [AI] 因为它包括所有交易: wholesale. channels. retail. online. offline. [AI] 批发频道。零售在线 的离线。 going into a shopping mall or going into a farmers market like this. [AI] 像这样走进购物中心或农贸市场。 The technology is used by 700 million people [AI] 这项技术被7亿人使用 to pay each other. not just merchants. [AI] 互相支付。不仅仅是商人。 so it's peer to peer. [AI] 所以它是点对点的。 and it's almost transaction-fee-free. [AI] 而且几乎不收交易费。 And it's instantaneous. [AI] 而且是瞬间的。 and it's used everywhere. [AI] 而且到处都用。 And finally. the China market is enormous. [AI] 最后。中国市场是巨大的。 This market is large. [AI] 这个市场很大。 which helps give entrepreneurs more users. more revenue. [AI] 这有助于为企业家提供更多的用户。增加收入。 more investment. but most importantly. [AI] 增加投资。但最重要的是。 it gives the entrepreneurs a chance to collect a huge amount of data [AI] 这让企业家们有机会收集大量的数据 which becomes rocket fuel for the AI engine. [AI] 成为AI引擎的火箭燃料。 So as a result. the Chinese AI companies have leaped ahead [AI] 因此,。中国的人工智能公司已经跃跃欲试 so that today. the most valuable companies in computer vision. speech recognition. [AI] 所以今天。计算机视觉领域最有价值的公司。语音识别 speech synthesis. machine translation and drones [AI] 语音合成。机器翻译与无人机 are all Chinese companies. [AI] 这些都是中国公司。 So with the US leading the era of discovery [AI] 因此,随着美国引领着发现的时代 and China leading the era of implementation. [AI] 中国引领着实施的时代。 we are now in an amazing age [AI] 我们现在正处在一个惊人的时代 where the dual engine of the two superpowers are working together [AI] 两个超级大国的双引擎在一起工作 to drive the fastest revolution in technology [AI] 推动最快的技术革命 that we have ever seen as humans. [AI] 我们曾经见过的人类。 And this will bring tremendous wealth. [AI] 这将带来巨大的财富。 unprecedented wealth: [AI] 空前的财富: 16 trillion dollars. according to PwC. [AI] 16万亿美元。根据普华永道的说法。 in terms of added GDP to the worldwide GDP by 2030. [AI] 就2030年全球GDP的新增GDP而言。 It will also bring immense challenges [AI] 它还将带来巨大的挑战 in terms of potential job replacements. [AI] 就潜在的工作替换而言。 Whereas in the Industrial Age [AI] 而在工业时代, it created more jobs [AI] 它创造了更多的就业机会 because craftsman jobs were being decomposed into jobs in the assembly line. [AI] 因为工匠的工作被分解成装配线上的工作。 so more jobs were created. [AI] 因此创造了更多的就业机会。 But AI completely replaces the individual jobs [AI] 但人工智能完全取代了个人工作 in the assembly line with robots. [AI] 在机器人装配线上。 And it's not just in factories. [AI] 而且不仅仅是在工厂里。 but truckers. drivers [AI] 但是卡车司机。司机 and even jobs like telesales. customer service [AI] 甚至像电话销售这样的工作。客户服务 and hematologists as well as radiologists [AI] 血液学家和放射科医生 over the next 15 years [AI] 在接下来的15年里 are going to be gradually replaced by artificial intelligence. [AI] 将逐渐被人工智能所取代。 And only the creative jobs -- [AI] 只有创造性的工作-- (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) I have to make myself safe. right? [AI] 我必须保证自己的安全。正当 Really. the creative jobs are the ones that are protected. [AI] 真正地创造性工作是受保护的工作。 because AI can optimize but not create. [AI] 因为人工智能可以优化,但不能创造。 But what's more serious than the loss of jobs is the loss of meaning. [AI] 但比失业更严重的是意义的丧失。 because the work ethic in the Industrial Age [AI] 因为工业时代的职业道德 has brainwashed us into thinking that work is the reason we exist. [AI] 我们被洗脑,认为工作是我们存在的原因。 that work defined the meaning of our lives. [AI] 那部作品定义了我们生活的意义。 And I was a prime and willing victim to that type of workaholic thinking. [AI] 我是那种工作狂思维的主要受害者。 I worked incredibly hard. [AI] 我工作非常努力。 That's why I almost left my wife in the delivery room. [AI] 这就是我差点把妻子留在产房的原因。 that's why I worked 996 alongside my entrepreneurs. [AI] 这就是为什么我和我的企业家们一起工作。 And that obsession that I had with work [AI] 还有我对工作的痴迷 ended abruptly a few years ago [AI] 几年前突然结束了 when I was diagnosed with fourth stage lymphoma. [AI] 当我被诊断为第四期淋巴瘤时。 The PET scan here shows over 20 malignant tumors [AI] PET扫描显示超过20个恶性肿瘤 jumping out like fireballs. [AI] 像火球一样跳出来。 melting away my ambition. [AI] 融化了我的野心。 But more importantly. [AI] 但更重要的是。 it helped me reexamine my life. [AI] 它帮助我重新审视我的生活。 Knowing that I may only have a few months to live [AI] 知道我可能只有几个月的生命 caused me to see how foolish it was [AI] 让我明白这是多么愚蠢 for me to base my entire self-worth [AI] 让我以我的全部自我价值为基础 on how hard I worked and the accomplishments from hard work. [AI] 关于我工作的努力程度和努力所取得的成就。 My priorities were completely out of order. [AI] 我的优先次序完全乱了。 I neglected my family. [AI] 我忽视了我的家人。 My father had passed away. [AI] 我父亲去世了。 and I never had a chance to tell him I loved him. [AI] 我从来没有机会告诉他我爱他。 My mother had dementia and no longer recognized me. [AI] 我母亲患有痴呆症,再也认不出我了。 and my children had grown up. [AI] 我的孩子们已经长大了。 During my chemotherapy. [AI] 在我化疗期间。 I read a book by Bronnie Ware [AI] 我读了一本Bronnie Ware的书 who talked about dying wishes and regrets of the people in the deathbed. [AI] 谈到临终前人们临终前的愿望和遗憾。 She found that facing death. [AI] 她发现面对死亡。 nobody regretted that they didn't work hard enough in this life. [AI] 没有人后悔他们这辈子工作不够努力。 They only regretted that they didn't spend enough time with their loved ones [AI] 他们只是后悔没有花足够的时间与亲人在一起 and that they didn't spread their love. [AI] 他们没有传播他们的爱。 So I am fortunately today in remission. [AI] 所以我今天幸运地得到了缓解。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声) So I can be back at TED again [AI] 所以我可以再次回到TED to share with you that I have changed my ways. [AI] 和你分享我改变了我的生活方式。 I now only work 965 -- [AI] 我现在只工作965年-- occasionally 996. but usually 965. [AI] 偶尔996。但通常是965。 I moved closer to my mother. [AI] 我搬到离我母亲更近的地方。 my wife usually travels with me. [AI] 我妻子通常和我一起旅行。 and when my kids have vacation. if they don't come home. I go to them. [AI] 当我的孩子们度假的时候。如果他们不回家。我去找他们。 So it's a new form of life that helped me recognize [AI] 所以这是一种新的生活方式,帮助我认识到 how important it is that love is for me. [AI] 爱对我来说是多么重要。 and facing death helped me change my life. [AI] 面对死亡帮助我改变了我的生活。 but it also helped me see a new way [AI] 但它也帮助我看到了一种新的方式 of how AI should impact mankind [AI] 人工智能应该如何影响人类 and work and coexist with mankind. [AI] 与人类共事,共存。 that really. AI is taking away a lot of routine jobs. [AI] 真的。人工智能正在夺走很多日常工作。 but routine jobs are not what we're about. [AI] 但日常工作不是我们要做的。 Why we exist is love. [AI] 我们存在的原因是爱。 When we hold our newborn baby. [AI] 当我们抱着新生儿的时候。 love at first sight. [AI] 一见钟情。 or when we help someone in need. [AI] 或者当我们帮助有需要的人时。 humans are uniquely able to give and receive love. [AI] 人类是唯一能够给予和接受爱的人。 and that's what differentiates us from AI. [AI] 这就是我们与人工智能的区别。 Despite what science fiction may portray. [AI] 不管科幻小说怎么描述。 I can responsibly tell you that AI has no love. [AI] 我可以负责任地告诉你,AI没有爱。 When AlphaGo defeated the world champion Ke Jie. [AI] 当阿尔法戈击败世界冠军柯杰时。 while Ke Jie was crying and loving the game of go. [AI] 而柯洁却在哭泣,喜欢围棋。 AlphaGo felt no happiness from winning [AI] 阿尔法戈没有因为胜利而感到快乐 and certainly no desire to hug a loved one. [AI] 当然也不想拥抱心爱的人。 So how do we differentiate ourselves [AI] 那么我们如何区分自己呢 as humans in the age of AI? [AI] 作为人工智能时代的人类? We talked about the axis of creativity. [AI] 我们谈到了创造力的轴心。 and certainly that is one possibility. [AI] 当然,这是一种可能性。 and now we introduce a new axis that we can call compassion. love. or empathy. [AI] 现在我们引入一个新的轴心,我们可以称之为同情。爱或者移情。 Those are things that AI cannot do. [AI] 这些都是人工智能不能做的事情。 So as AI takes away the routine jobs. [AI] 所以当人工智能拿走常规工作时。 I like to think we can. we should and we must create jobs of compassion. [AI] 我想我们可以。我们应该而且必须创造同情的工作机会。 You might ask how many of those there are. [AI] 你可能会问有多少这样的人。 but I would ask you: [AI] 但我想问你: Do you not think that we are going to need a lot of social workers [AI] 你不认为我们需要很多社会工作者吗 to help us make this transition? [AI] 帮助我们实现这一转变? Do you not think we need a lot of compassionate caregivers [AI] 你不认为我们需要很多富有同情心的照顾者吗 to give more medical care to more people? [AI] 给更多的人更多的医疗照顾? Do you not think we're going to need 10 times more teachers [AI] 你不认为我们需要10倍多的老师吗 to help our children find their way [AI] 帮助我们的孩子找到他们的路 to survive and thrive in this brave new world? [AI] 在这个勇敢的新世界里生存和发展? And with all the newfound wealth. [AI] 和所有新发现的财富。 should we not also make labors of love into careers [AI] 难道我们不应该把爱的劳动变成事业吗 and let elderly accompaniment or homeschooling become careers also? [AI] 让老年人陪伴或在家上学也成为职业? (Applause) [AI] (掌声) This graph is surely not perfect. [AI] 这个图表肯定不完美。 but it points at four ways that we can work with AI. [AI] 但它指出了我们可以使用人工智能的四种方法。 AI will come and take away the routine jobs [AI] 人工智能会来拿走日常工作 and in due time. we will be thankful. [AI] 在适当的时候。我们将心存感激。 AI will become great tools for the creatives [AI] 人工智能将成为创造力的伟大工具 so that scientists. artists. musicians and writers [AI] 所以科学家们。艺术家。音乐家和作家 can be even more creative. [AI] 可以更具创造性。 AI will work with humans as analytical tools [AI] 人工智能将与人类一起作为分析工具 that humans can wrap their warmth around for the high-compassion jobs. [AI] 人类可以为高慈悲心的工作包裹他们的温暖。 And we can always differentiate ourselves [AI] 我们总是能让自己与众不同 with the uniquely capable jobs [AI] 拥有独一无二的能干工作 that are both compassionate and creative. [AI] 既富有同情心又富有创造性。 using and leveraging our irreplaceable brains and hearts. [AI] 使用和利用我们不可替代的大脑和心脏。 So there you have it: [AI] 所以你有了它: a blueprint of coexistence for humans and AI. [AI] 人类和人工智能共存的蓝图。 AI is serendipity. [AI] 人工智能是一种偶然性。 It is here to liberate us from routine jobs. [AI] 它在这里把我们从日常工作中解放出来。 and it is here to remind us what it is that makes us human. [AI] 它在这里提醒我们,是什么使我们成为人类。 So let us choose to embrace AI and to love one another. [AI] 因此,让我们选择拥抱人工智能并彼此相爱。 Thank you. [AI] 非常感谢。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声)

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