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【TED】读书的治愈力

 

I want to talk today about how reading can change our lives [AI] 今天我想谈谈阅读如何改变我们的生活 and about the limits of that change. [AI] 以及这种变化的局限性。 I want to talk to you about how reading can give us a shareable world [AI] 我想和你们谈谈阅读如何给我们一个共享的世界 of powerful human connection. [AI] 具有强大的人际关系。 But also about how that connection is always partial. [AI] 但也有关于这种联系如何总是局部的。 How reading is ultimately a lonely. idiosyncratic undertaking. [AI] 阅读最终是一种孤独。独特的事业。 The writer who changed my life [AI] 改变我生活的作家 was the great African American novelist James Baldwin. [AI] 他是伟大的非裔美国小说家詹姆斯·鲍德温。 When I was growing up in Western Michigan in the 1980s. [AI] 20世纪80年代,我在密歇根州西部长大。 there weren't many Asian American writers interested in social change. [AI] 没有多少亚裔美国作家对社会变革感兴趣。 And so I think I turned to James Baldwin [AI] 所以我想我求助于詹姆斯·鲍德温 as a way to fill this void. as a way to feel racially conscious. [AI] 作为填补这一空白的一种方式。作为一种有种族意识的方式。 But perhaps because I knew I wasn't myself African American. [AI] 但也许是因为我知道我自己不是非洲裔美国人。 I also felt challenged and indicted by his words. [AI] 他的话也让我感到挑战和指责。 Especially these words: [AI] 特别是这句话: "There are liberals who have all the proper attitudes. [AI] “有些自由主义者的态度完全正确。 but no real convictions. [AI] 但没有真正的信念。 When the chips are down and you somehow expect them to deliver. [AI] 当筹码下降时,你不知何故希望他们能交货。 they are somehow not there." [AI] 他们不知何故不在那里。" They are somehow not there. [AI] 他们不知何故不在那里。 I took those words very literally. [AI] 我从字面上理解了这些话。 Where should I put myself? [AI] 我应该把自己放在哪里? I went to the Mississippi Delta. [AI] 我去了密西西比三角洲。 one of the poorest regions in the United States. [AI] 美国最贫穷的地区之一。 This is a place shaped by a powerful history. [AI] 这是一个由强大的历史塑造的地方。 In the 1960s. African Americans risked their lives to fight for education. [AI] 20世纪60年代。非裔美国人冒着生命危险为教育而战。 to fight for the right to vote. [AI] 为选举权而战。 I wanted to be a part of that change. [AI] 我想成为这一变化的一部分。 to help young teenagers graduate and go to college. [AI] 帮助青少年毕业和上大学。 When I got to the Mississippi Delta. [AI] 当我到达密西西比三角洲时。 it was a place that was still poor. [AI] 那是一个仍然贫穷的地方。 still segregated. [AI] 仍然隔离。 still dramatically in need of change. [AI] 仍然需要改变。 My school. where I was placed. [AI] 我的学校。我被安置的地方。 had no library. no guidance counselor. [AI] 没有图书馆。没有指导顾问。 but it did have a police officer. [AI] 但它确实有一名警官。 Half the teachers were substitutes [AI] 一半的教师是代课教师 and when students got into fights. [AI] 当学生们打架的时候。 the school would send them to the local county jail. [AI] 学校会把他们送进当地的县监狱。 This is the school where I met Patrick. [AI] 这就是我遇见帕特里克的学校。 He was 15 and held back twice. he was in the eighth grade. [AI] 他15岁,两次退缩。他上八年级。 He was quiet. introspective. [AI] 他很安静。好内省的 like he was always in deep thought. [AI] 就像他一直在沉思一样。 And he hated seeing other people fight. [AI] 他讨厌看到别人打架。 I saw him once jump between two girls when they got into a fight [AI] 有一次,当两个女孩打架时,我看见他跳到她们中间 and he got himself knocked to the ground. [AI] 他被打倒在地。 Patrick had just one problem. [AI] 帕特里克只有一个问题。 He wouldn't come to school. [AI] 他不会来学校的。 He said that sometimes school was just too depressing [AI] 他说有时候学校太令人沮丧了 because people were always fighting and teachers were quitting. [AI] 因为人们总是吵架,老师也不干了。 And also. his mother worked two jobs and was just too tired to make him come. [AI] 还有。他的母亲做了两份工作,太累了,不能让他来。 So I made it my job to get him to come to school. [AI] 所以我的工作就是让他来学校。 And because I was crazy and 22 and zealously optimistic. [AI] 因为我疯了,22岁,非常乐观。 my strategy was just to show up at his house [AI] 我的策略就是去他家 and say. "Hey. why don't you come to school?" [AI] 然后说。“嘿,你为什么不来学校呢?” And this strategy actually worked. [AI] 这一策略确实奏效了。 he started to come to school every day. [AI] 他开始每天上学。 And he started to flourish in my class. [AI] 他开始在我班上发扬光大。 He was writing poetry. he was reading books. [AI] 他在写诗。他在看书。 He was coming to school every day. [AI] 他每天都来上学。 Around the same time [AI] 差不多同时 that I had figured out how to connect to Patrick. [AI] 我已经知道如何和Patrick联系了。 I got into law school at Harvard. [AI] 我进入哈佛大学法学院。 I once again faced this question. where should I put myself. [AI] 我再次面对这个问题。我应该把自己放在哪里。 where do I put my body? [AI] 我把我的身体放在哪里? And I thought to myself [AI] 我心里想 that the Mississippi Delta was a place where people with money. [AI] 密西西比三角洲是人们有钱的地方。 people with opportunity. [AI] 有机会的人。 those people leave. [AI] 那些人离开了。 And the people who stay behind [AI] 还有那些留下来的人 are the people who don't have the chance to leave. [AI] 是那些没有机会离开的人。 I didn't want to be a person who left. [AI] 我不想成为一个离开的人。 I wanted to be a person who stayed. [AI] 我想成为一个留下来的人。 On the other hand. I was lonely and tired. [AI] 另一方面我感到孤独和疲惫。 And so I convinced myself that I could do more change [AI] 所以我说服自己,我可以做更多的改变 on a larger scale if I had a prestigious law degree. [AI] 如果我有一个很有声望的法律学位,规模会更大。 So I left. [AI] 所以我离开了。 Three years later. [AI] 三年后。 when I was about to graduate from law school. [AI] 当我即将从法学院毕业时。 my friend called me [AI] 我的朋友打电话给我 and told me that Patrick had got into a fight and killed someone. [AI] 告诉我Patrick打架杀了人。 I was devastated. [AI] 我很震惊。 Part of me didn't believe it. [AI] 我有一部分不相信。 but part of me also knew that it was true. [AI] 但我也知道这是真的。 I flew down to see Patrick. [AI] 我飞去看帕特里克。 I visited him in jail. [AI] 我去监狱探望他。 And he told me that it was true. [AI] 他告诉我这是真的。 That he had killed someone. [AI] 他杀了人。 And he didn't want to talk more about it. [AI] 他不想再多谈这件事了。 I asked him what had happened with school [AI] 我问他学校发生了什么事 and he said that he had dropped out the year after I left. [AI] 他说他在我离开后一年就退学了。 And then he wanted to tell me something else. [AI] 然后他想告诉我一些别的事情。 He looked down and he said that he had had a baby daughter [AI] 他低头说他有一个小女儿 who was just born. [AI] 他刚出生。 And he felt like he had let her down. [AI] 他觉得自己让她失望了。 That was it. our conversation was rushed and awkward. [AI] 就这样。我们的谈话匆忙而尴尬。 When I stepped outside the jail. a voice inside me said. [AI] 当我走出监狱时。我心里有个声音说。 "Come back. [AI] “回来。 If you don't come back now. you'll never come back." [AI] 如果你现在不回来。你再也不会回来了。" So I graduated from law school and I went back. [AI] 所以我从法学院毕业后就回去了。 I went back to see Patrick. [AI] 我回去看帕特里克了。 I went back to see if I could help him with his legal case. [AI] 我回去看看能不能帮他办案。 And this time. when I saw him a second time. [AI] 这一次。当我第二次见到他时。 I thought I had this great idea. I said. [AI] 我想我有个好主意。我说。 "Hey. Patrick. why don't you write a letter to your daughter. [AI] “嗨,帕特里克,你为什么不给你女儿写封信呢。 so that you can keep her on your mind?" [AI] 这样你就能记住她?" And I handed him a pen and a piece of paper. [AI] 我递给他一支笔和一张纸。 and he started to write. [AI] 他开始写作。 But when I saw the paper that he handed back to me. [AI] 但是当我看到他交给我的报纸时。 I was shocked. [AI] 我很震惊。 I didn't recognize his handwriting. [AI] 我没认出他的笔迹。 he had made simple spelling mistakes. [AI] 他犯了一些简单的拼写错误。 And I thought to myself that as a teacher. [AI] 我对自己说,作为一名教师。 I knew that a student could dramatically improve [AI] 我知道一个学生会有很大的进步 in a very quick amount of time. [AI] 在很短的时间内。 but I never thought that a student could dramatically regress. [AI] 但我从未想过一个学生会戏剧性地倒退。 What even pained me more. [AI] 更让我痛苦的是。 was seeing what he had written to his daughter. [AI] 他正在看他给女儿写的信。 He had written. [AI] 他已经写信了。 "I'm sorry for my mistakes. I'm sorry for not being there for you." [AI] “我为我的错误感到抱歉。我为没有在你身边感到抱歉。” And this was all he felt he had to say to her. [AI] 这就是他想对她说的一切。 And I asked myself how can I convince him that he has more to say. [AI] 我问自己,我怎样才能说服他,他还有更多的话要说。 parts of himself that he doesn't need to apologize for. [AI] 他不需要道歉的部分。 I wanted him to feel [AI] 我想让他感觉到 that he had something worthwhile to share with his daughter. [AI] 他有值得和女儿分享的东西。 For every day the next seven months. [AI] 在接下来的七个月里每天。 I visited him and brought books. [AI] 我拜访了他,并带来了书。 My tote bag became a little library. [AI] 我的手提包变成了一个小图书馆。 I brought James Baldwin. [AI] 我带来了詹姆斯·鲍德温。 I brought Walt Whitman. C.S. Lewis. [AI] 我带来了沃尔特·惠特曼。刘易斯。 I brought guidebooks to trees. to birds. [AI] 我把旅游指南带到树上。给鸟儿。 and what would become his favorite book. the dictionary. [AI] 他最喜欢的书是什么。字典。 On some days. [AI] 有时候。 we would sit for hours in silence. both of us reading. [AI] 我们会静静地坐上几个小时。我们俩都在读书。 And on other days. [AI] 在其他日子。 we would read together. we would read poetry. [AI] 我们会一起读书。我们会读诗歌。 We started by reading haikus. hundreds of haikus. [AI] 我们从读俳句开始。数以百计的俳句。 a deceptively simple masterpiece. [AI] 看似简单的杰作。 And I would ask him. "Share with me your favorite haikus." [AI] 我会问他。“跟我分享你最喜欢的俳句。” And some of them are quite funny. [AI] 其中有些很有趣。 So there's this by Issa: [AI] 这是伊莎的作品: "Don't worry. spiders. I keep house casually." [AI] “别担心,蜘蛛。我只是随便照看房子。” And this: "Napped half the day. no one punished me!" [AI] 还有这个:“睡了半天,没人惩罚我!” And this gorgeous one. which is about the first day of snow falling. [AI] 还有这个漂亮的。这是下雪的第一天。 "Deer licking first frost from each other's coats." [AI] “鹿舔着彼此皮毛上的初霜。” There's something mysterious and gorgeous [AI] 有一种神秘而华丽的东西 just about the way a poem looks. [AI] 就像一首诗的样子。 The empty space is as important as the words themselves. [AI] 空白和文字本身一样重要。 We read this poem by W.S. Merwin. [AI] 我们读了W.S.默文的这首诗。 which he wrote after he saw his wife working in the garden [AI] 这是他看到妻子在花园里干活后写的 and realized that they would spend the rest of their lives together. [AI] 并意识到他们将在一起度过余生。 "Let me imagine that we will come again [AI] “让我想象一下,我们还会再来 when we want to and it will be spring [AI] 当我们想要的时候,那将是春天 We will be no older than we ever were [AI] 我们不会比以前老了 The worn griefs will have eased like the early cloud [AI] 疲惫的悲伤会像早起的乌云一样减轻 through which morning slowly comes to itself" [AI] 通过它,早晨慢慢地降临” I asked Patrick what his favorite line was. and he said. [AI] 我问帕特里克他最喜欢的台词是什么。他说。 "We will be no older than we ever were." [AI] “我们不会比以往任何时候都老。” He said it reminded him of a place where time just stops. [AI] 他说这让他想起了一个时间刚刚停止的地方。 where time doesn't matter anymore. [AI] 时间不再重要的地方。 And I asked him if he had a place like that. [AI] 我问他是否有这样的地方。 where time lasts forever. [AI] 时间永恒的地方。 And he said. "My mother." [AI] 他说。“我妈妈。” When you read a poem alongside someone else. [AI] 当你和别人一起读一首诗时。 the poem changes in meaning. [AI] 这首诗的意思发生了变化。 Because it becomes personal to that person. becomes personal to you. [AI] 因为它对那个人来说是私人的。成为你的个人。 We then read books. we read so many books. [AI] 然后我们读书。我们读了很多书。 we read the memoir of Frederick Douglass. [AI] 我们读了弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的回忆录。 an American slave who taught himself to read and write [AI] 自学读写的美国奴隶 and who escaped to freedom because of his literacy. [AI] 他因为识字而逃往自由之地。 I had grown up thinking of Frederick Douglass as a hero [AI] 我从小就认为弗雷德里克·道格拉斯是个英雄 and I thought of this story as one of uplift and hope. [AI] 我认为这个故事是一个提升和希望的故事。 But this book put Patrick in a kind of panic. [AI] 但这本书让帕特里克陷入了一种恐慌。 He fixated on a story Douglass told of how. over Christmas. [AI] 他专注于道格拉斯讲述的一个故事。圣诞节期间。 masters give slaves gin [AI] 主人给奴隶杜松子酒 as a way to prove to them that they can't handle freedom. [AI] 以此向他们证明他们无法掌控自由。 Because slaves would be stumbling on the fields. [AI] 因为奴隶们会在田地里蹒跚而行。 Patrick said he related to this. [AI] 帕特里克说他与此有关。 He said that there are people in jail who. like slaves. [AI] 他说在监狱里有些人。像奴隶一样。 don't want to think about their condition. [AI] 我不想考虑他们的状况。 because it's too painful. [AI] 因为太痛苦了。 Too painful to think about the past. [AI] 太痛苦了,想不起过去。 too painful to think about how far we have to go. [AI] 太痛苦了,想不起我们还得走多远。 His favorite line was this line: [AI] 他最喜欢的台词是: "Anything. no matter what. to get rid of thinking! [AI] “什么都可以。不管怎样。摆脱思考! It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me." [AI] 正是这种对我身体状况的永恒思考折磨着我。" Patrick said that Douglass was brave to write. to keep thinking. [AI] 帕特里克说道格拉斯写作很勇敢。继续思考。 But Patrick would never know how much he seemed like Douglass to me. [AI] 但帕特里克永远不会知道他在我看来有多像道格拉斯。 How he kept reading. even though it put him in a panic. [AI] 他是如何坚持阅读的。尽管这让他陷入了恐慌。 He finished the book before I did. [AI] 他比我先写完这本书。 reading it in a concrete stairway with no light. [AI] 在没有灯光的水泥楼梯上阅读。 And then we went on to read one of my favorite books. [AI] 然后我们继续读我最喜欢的一本书。 Marilynne Robinson's "Gilead." [AI] 玛丽莲·罗宾逊的《基列》 which is an extended letter from a father to his son. [AI] 这是一封父亲写给儿子的延长信。 He loved this line: [AI] 他喜欢这句台词: "I'm writing this in part to tell you [AI] “我写这篇文章的部分目的是告诉你 that if you ever wonder what you've done in your life ... [AI] 如果你想知道你一生中做了什么。。。 you have been God's grace to me. [AI] 你是上帝对我的恩典。 a miracle. something more than a miracle." [AI] 奇迹。不仅仅是奇迹。" Something about this language. its love. its longing. its voice. [AI] 关于这种语言。这是爱。它的渴望。它的声音。 rekindled Patrick's desire to write. [AI] 重新点燃了帕特里克写作的欲望。 And he would fill notebooks upon notebooks [AI] 他会在一本又一本的笔记本上填写 with letters to his daughter. [AI] 给他女儿写信。 In these beautiful. intricate letters. [AI] 在这些美丽的地方。错综复杂的字母。 he would imagine him and his daughter going canoeing down the Mississippi river. [AI] 他会想象他和他的女儿沿着密西西比河划独木舟。 He would imagine them finding a mountain stream [AI] 他会想象他们发现了一条山涧 with perfectly clear water. [AI] 有非常清澈的水。 As I watched Patrick write. [AI] 我看着帕特里克写作。 I thought to myself. [AI] 我心里想。 and I now ask all of you. [AI] 我现在问你们所有人。 how many of you have written a letter to somebody you feel you have let down? [AI] 你们中有多少人给自己感到失望的人写过信? It is just much easier to put those people out of your mind. [AI] 把那些人从你的脑海中抹去要容易得多。 But Patrick showed up every day. facing his daughter. [AI] 但是帕特里克每天都来。面对他的女儿。 holding himself accountable to her. [AI] 让自己对她负责。 word by word with intense concentration. [AI] 一个字一个字地集中注意力。 I wanted in my own life [AI] 我想要我自己的生活 to put myself at risk in that way. [AI] 以这种方式把自己置于危险之中。 Because that risk reveals the strength of one's heart. [AI] 因为这种风险暴露了一个人的内心力量。 Let me take a step back and just ask an uncomfortable question. [AI] 让我退一步问一个不舒服的问题。 Who am I to tell this story. as in this Patrick story? [AI] 我是谁来讲述这个故事。就像帕特里克的故事? Patrick's the one who lived with this pain [AI] 帕特里克就是那个忍受着这种痛苦的人 and I have never been hungry a day in my life. [AI] 我一生中从未饿过一天。 I thought about this question a lot. [AI] 这个问题我想了很多。 but what I want to say is that this story is not just about Patrick. [AI] 但我想说的是,这个故事不仅仅是关于帕特里克的。 It's about us. [AI] 是关于我们的。 it's about the inequality between us. [AI] 这是关于我们之间的不平等。 The world of plenty [AI] 富足的世界 that Patrick and his parents and his grandparents [AI] 帕特里克和他的父母还有他的祖父母 have been shut out of. [AI] 已经被拒之门外了。 In this story. I represent that world of plenty. [AI] 在这个故事里。我代表着富足的世界。 And in telling this story. I didn't want to hide myself. [AI] 在讲述这个故事时。我不想隐藏自己。 Hide the power that I do have. [AI] 隐藏我的力量。 In telling this story. I wanted to expose that power [AI] 在讲述这个故事时。我想揭露这种力量 and then to ask. [AI] 然后再问。 how do we diminish the distance between us? [AI] 我们如何缩小彼此之间的距离? Reading is one way to close that distance. [AI] 阅读是拉近距离的一种方式。 It gives us a quiet universe that we can share together. [AI] 它给了我们一个安静的宇宙,我们可以一起分享。 that we can share in equally. [AI] 我们可以平等分享。 You're probably wondering now what happened to Patrick. [AI] 你现在可能想知道帕特里克怎么了。 Did reading save his life? [AI] 读书救了他的命吗? It did and it didn't. [AI] 有,也没有。 When Patrick got out of prison. [AI] 帕特里克出狱的时候。 his journey was excruciating. [AI] 他的旅程非常痛苦。 Employers turned him away because of his record. [AI] 因为他的记录,雇主拒绝了他。 his best friend. his mother. died at age 43 [AI] 他最好的朋友。他的母亲。他于43岁去世 from heart disease and diabetes. [AI] 来自心脏病和糖尿病。 He's been homeless. he's been hungry. [AI] 他一直无家可归。他饿了。 So people say a lot of things about reading that feel exaggerated to me. [AI] 所以人们说了很多关于阅读的事情,我觉得有些夸张。 Being literate didn't stop him form being discriminated against. [AI] 识字并不能阻止他受到歧视。 It didn't stop his mother from dying. [AI] 这并没有阻止他母亲的死亡。 So what can reading do? [AI] 那么阅读能做什么呢? I have a few answers to end with today. [AI] 今天我有几个答案要结束。 Reading charged his inner life [AI] 读书使他的内心充满活力 with mystery. with imagination. [AI] 带着神秘感。有想象力。 with beauty. [AI] 美丽。 Reading gave him images that gave him joy: [AI] 阅读给了他快乐的形象: mountain. ocean. deer. frost. [AI] 山大海鹿严寒天气 Words that taste of a free. natural world. [AI] 有自由的味道的话。自然世界。 Reading gave him a language for what he had lost. [AI] 读书给了他一种语言来补偿他所失去的东西。 How precious are these lines from the poet Derek Walcott? [AI] 诗人德里克·沃尔科特的这些诗句有多珍贵? Patrick memorized this poem. [AI] 帕特里克记住了这首诗。 "Days that I have held. [AI] “我所拥有的日子。 days that I have lost. [AI] 我失去的日子。 days that outgrow. like daughters. [AI] 不再生长的日子。像女儿一样。 my harboring arms." [AI] 我的怀抱。" Reading taught him his own courage. [AI] 读书教会了他自己的勇气。 Remember that he kept reading Frederick Douglass. [AI] 记得他一直在读弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的书。 even though it was painful. [AI] 尽管很痛苦。 He kept being conscious. even though being conscious hurts. [AI] 他一直保持清醒。即使有意识会受伤。 Reading is a form of thinking. [AI] 阅读是一种思维方式。 that's why it's difficult to read because we have to think. [AI] 这就是为什么它很难阅读,因为我们必须思考。 And Patrick chose to think. rather than to not think. [AI] 帕特里克选择了思考。而不是不去思考。 And last. reading gave him a language to speak to his daughter. [AI] 最后。阅读给了他一种语言来和女儿说话。 Reading inspired him to want to write. [AI] 读书激励他想写作。 The link between reading and writing is so powerful. [AI] 阅读和写作之间的联系是如此强大。 When we begin to read. [AI] 当我们开始阅读时。 we begin to find the words. [AI] 我们开始寻找单词。 And he found the words to imagine the two of them together. [AI] 他找到了文字来想象他们俩在一起。 He found the words [AI] 他找到了单词 to tell her how much he loved her. [AI] 告诉她他有多爱她。 Reading also changed our relationship with each other. [AI] 阅读也改变了我们之间的关系。 It gave us an occasion for intimacy. [AI] 这给了我们一个亲密的机会。 to see beyond our points of view. [AI] 超越我们的观点。 And reading took an unequal relationship [AI] 而阅读是一种不平等的关系 and gave us a momentary equality. [AI] 给了我们短暂的平等。 When you meet somebody as a reader. [AI] 当你遇到一个作为读者的人。 you meet him for the first time. [AI] 你第一次见到他。 newly. freshly. [AI] 新的。新近地。 There is no way you can know what his favorite line will be. [AI] 你不可能知道他最喜欢的台词是什么。 What memories and private griefs he has. [AI] 他有多少回忆和内心的悲伤。 And you face the ultimate privacy of his inner life. [AI] 你要面对他内心生活的终极隐私。 And then you start to wonder. "Well. what is my inner life made of? [AI] 然后你开始怀疑。“嗯,我的内心生活是由什么组成的? What do I have that's worthwhile to share with another?" [AI] 我有什么值得与他人分享的?" I want to close [AI] 我想关门 on some of my favorite lines from Patrick's letters to his daughter. [AI] 在帕特里克写给他女儿的信中我最喜欢的几行。 "The river is shadowy in some places [AI] “这条河在某些地方有阴影 but the light shines through the cracks of trees ... [AI] 但是阳光透过树缝照进来。。。 On some branches hang plenty of mulberries. [AI] 在一些树枝上挂满了桑椹。 You stretch your arm straight out to grab some." [AI] 你伸直手臂去抓一些。" And this lovely letter. where he writes. [AI] 还有这封可爱的信。他写作的地方。 "Close your eyes and listen to the sounds of the words. [AI] “闭上眼睛,听单词的声音。 I know this poem by heart [AI] 我熟记这首诗 and I would like you to know it. too." [AI] 我想让你知道。也" Thank you so much everyone. [AI] 非常感谢大家。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声)

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