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【TED】彼得•范乌姆:我为什么拿起枪

 

As the highest military commander of the Netherlands. [AI] 作为荷兰最高军事指挥官。 with troops stationed around the world. [AI] 驻扎在世界各地的军队。 I'm really honored to be here today. [AI] 今天能来到这里我真的很荣幸。 When I look around this TEDxAmsterdam venue. [AI] 当我环顾TEDxAmsterdam会场时。 I see a very special audience. [AI] 我看到一个非常特别的观众。 You are the reason why I said yes [AI] 你就是我答应的原因 to the invitation to come here today. [AI] 感谢你今天来这里的邀请。 When I look around. I see people who want to make a contribution. [AI] 当我环顾四周。我看到有人想做出贡献。 I see people who want to make a better world. [AI] 我看到有人想创造一个更美好的世界。 by doing groundbreaking scientific work. [AI] 通过做开创性的科学工作。 by creating impressive works of art. [AI] 通过创作令人印象深刻的艺术作品。 by writing critical articles or inspiring books. [AI] 通过写评论文章或鼓舞人心的书。 by starting up sustainable businesses. [AI] 通过创办可持续发展的企业。 And you all have chosen your own instruments [AI] 你们都选择了自己的乐器 to fulfill this mission of creating a better world. [AI] 完成创造更美好世界的使命。 Some chose the microscope as their instrument. [AI] 有些人选择显微镜作为他们的仪器。 Others chose dancing or painting. [AI] 其他人选择跳舞或绘画。 or making music like we just heard. [AI] 或者像我们刚刚听到的那样做音乐。 Some chose the pen. [AI] 有些人选择了钢笔。 Others work through the instrument of money. [AI] 其他人通过货币工具工作。 Ladies and gentlemen. I made a different choice. [AI] 女士们,先生们。我做了一个不同的选择。 Thanks. [AI] 谢谢 Ladies and gentlemen ... [AI] 女士们,先生们。。。 (Laughter) [AI] (众笑) (Applause) [AI] (掌声) I share your goals. [AI] 我同意你的目标。 I share the goals of the speakers you heard before. [AI] 我与你以前听到的发言者的目标相同。 I did not choose to take up the pen. [AI] 我没有选择拿起那支笔。 the brush. the camera. [AI] 刷子。照相机。 I chose this instrument. [AI] 我选择了这种乐器。 I chose the gun. [AI] 我选择了枪。 For you. and you heard already. [AI] 为你。你已经听说了。 being so close to this gun may make you feel uneasy. [AI] 离这把枪这么近可能会让你感到不安。 It may even feel scary. [AI] 这甚至可能让人感到害怕。 A real gun at a few feet's distance. [AI] 几英尺远的真枪。 Let us stop for a moment and feel this uneasiness. [AI] 让我们停下来,感受一下这种不安。 You could even hear it. [AI] 你甚至可以听到。 Let us cherish the fact [AI] 让我们珍惜这个事实 that probably most of you have never been close to a gun. [AI] 也许你们中的大多数人从未接近过枪。 It means the Netherlands is a peaceful country. [AI] 这意味着荷兰是一个和平的国家。 The Netherlands is not at war. [AI] 荷兰没有处于战争状态。 It means soldiers are not needed to patrol our streets. [AI] 这意味着不需要士兵来巡逻我们的街道。 Guns are not a part of our lives. [AI] 枪不是我们生活的一部分。 In many countries. it is a different story. [AI] 在许多国家。这是一个不同的故事。 In many countries. people are confronted with guns. [AI] 在许多国家。人们面临着枪支。 They are oppressed. [AI] 他们受到压迫。 They are intimidated -- [AI] 他们被吓坏了-- by warlords. [AI] 由军阀控制。 by terrorists. [AI] 恐怖分子。 by criminals. [AI] 犯罪分子。 Weapons can do a lot of harm. [AI] 武器会造成很大的伤害。 They are the cause of much distress. [AI] 他们是造成许多痛苦的原因。 Why then am I standing before you with this weapon? [AI] 那我为什么拿着这个武器站在你面前? Why did I choose the gun as my instrument? [AI] 我为什么选择枪作为我的工具? Today I want to tell you why. [AI] 今天我想告诉你为什么。 Today I want to tell you [AI] 今天我想告诉你 why I chose the gun to create a better world. [AI] 为什么我选择枪来创造一个更美好的世界。 And I want to tell you how this gun can help. [AI] 我想告诉你这把枪有什么用。 My story starts in the city of Nijmegen [AI] 我的故事从奈梅根市开始 in the east of the Netherlands. [AI] 在荷兰东部。 the city where I was born. [AI] 我出生的城市。 My father was a hardworking baker. [AI] 我父亲是一位勤奋的面包师。 but when he had finished work in the bakery. [AI] 但当他在面包店完成工作时。 he often told me and my brother stories. [AI] 他经常给我和我兄弟讲故事。 And most of the time. [AI] 大多数时候。 he told me this story I'm going to share with you now. [AI] 他告诉了我这个故事,我现在要和你们分享。 The story of what happened [AI] 发生的事情的故事 when he was a conscripted soldier in the Dutch armed forces [AI] 当他是荷兰武装部队的应征士兵时 at the beginning of the Second World War. [AI] 在第二次世界大战开始时。 The Nazis invaded the Netherlands. [AI] 纳粹入侵荷兰。 Their grim plans were evident. [AI] 他们冷酷的计划显而易见。 They meant to rule by means of repression. [AI] 他们打算用镇压的手段来统治。 Diplomacy had failed to stop the Germans. [AI] 外交手段未能阻止德国人。 Only brute force remained. [AI] 只剩下蛮力了。 It was our last resort. [AI] 这是我们最后的办法。 My father was there to provide it. [AI] 我父亲是来提供的。 As the son of a farmer who knew how to hunt. [AI] 作为一个懂得打猎的农民的儿子。 my father was an excellent marksman. [AI] 我父亲是一名出色的射手。 When he aimed. he never missed. [AI] 当他瞄准的时候。他从未错过。 At this decisive moment in Dutch history [AI] 在荷兰历史上的这一决定性时刻 my father was positioned on the bank of the river Waal [AI] 我父亲被安置在瓦尔河畔 near the city of Nijmegen. [AI] 在奈梅根市附近。 He had a clear shot at the German soldiers who came to occupy a free country. [AI] 他向前来占领一个自由国家的德国士兵开了一枪。 his country. [AI] 他的国家。 our country. [AI] 我们的国家。 He fired. Nothing happened. [AI] 他开枪了。什么也没发生。 He fired again. [AI] 他又开枪了。 No German soldier fell to the ground. [AI] 没有德国士兵倒在地上。 My father had been given an old gun [AI] 我父亲得到了一把旧枪 that could not even reach the opposite riverbank. [AI] 甚至无法到达对面的河岸。 Hitler's troops marched on. [AI] 希特勒的军队继续前进。 and there was nothing my father could do about it. [AI] 我父亲对此无能为力。 Until the day my father died. [AI] 直到我父亲去世的那天。 he was frustrated about missing these shots. [AI] 他对错过这些镜头感到沮丧。 He could have done something. [AI] 他本可以做点什么的。 But with an old gun. [AI] 但是用一把旧枪。 not even the best marksman in the armed forces [AI] 甚至不是军队中最好的射手 could have hit the mark. [AI] 可能已经击中目标了。 So this story stayed with me. [AI] 所以这个故事一直伴随着我。 Then in high school. [AI] 然后在高中。 I was gripped by the stories of the Allied soldiers -- [AI] 我被盟军士兵的故事吸引住了-- soldiers who left the safety of their own homes and risked their lives [AI] 离开自己安全的家园,冒着生命危险的士兵 to liberate a country and a people that they didn't know. [AI] 解放一个他们不认识的国家和人民。 They liberated my birth town. [AI] 他们解放了我的出生地。 It was then that I decided I would take up the gun -- [AI] 就在那时,我决定拿起枪-- out of respect and gratitude for those men and women [AI] 出于对那些男人和女人的尊重和感激 who came to liberate us. [AI] 来解放我们的人。 From the awareness that sometimes only the gun [AI] 从意识到有时只有枪 can stand between good and evil. [AI] 能站在善与恶之间。 And that is why I took up the gun -- [AI] 这就是我拿起枪的原因-- not to shoot. [AI] 不要开枪。 not to kill. [AI] 不要杀人。 not to destroy. [AI] 不要破坏。 but to stop those who would do evil. [AI] 而是阻止那些作恶的人。 to protect the vulnerable. [AI] 保护弱势群体。 to defend democratic values. [AI] 捍卫民主价值观。 to stand up for the freedom we have to talk here today in Amsterdam [AI] 为了捍卫自由,我们今天必须在阿姆斯特丹这里讲话 about how we can make the world a better place. [AI] 关于我们如何让世界变得更美好。 Ladies and gentlemen. [AI] 女士们,先生们。 I do not stand here today to tell you about the glory of weapons. [AI] 我今天站在这里不是要告诉你们武器的荣耀。 I do not like guns. [AI] 我不喜欢枪。 And once you have been under fire yourself. [AI] 一旦你自己受到攻击。 it brings home even more clearly [AI] 它更清楚地说明了这一点 that a gun is not some macho instrument to brag about. [AI] 枪不是吹嘘的大男子主义工具。 I stand here today [AI] 我今天站在这里 to tell you about the use of the gun as an instrument of peace and stability. [AI] 告诉你枪支作为和平与稳定的工具的用途。 The gun may be one of the most important instruments of peace and stability [AI] 枪支可能是和平与稳定的最重要工具之一 that we have in this world. [AI] 我们在这个世界上所拥有的。 Now this may sound contradictory to you. [AI] 这听起来可能与你的想法相矛盾。 But not only have I seen with my own eyes [AI] 但我不仅亲眼看到了 during my deployments in Lebanon. Sarajevo [AI] 在我在黎巴嫩的部署期间。萨拉热窝 and as the Netherlands' Chief of Defence. [AI] 作为荷兰的国防部长。 this is also supported by cold. hard statistics. [AI] 冷空气也支持这一点。硬统计。 Violence has declined dramatically over the last 500 years. [AI] 在过去500年中,暴力急剧减少。 Despite the pictures we are shown daily in the news. [AI] 尽管我们每天都在新闻中看到这些图片。 wars between developed countries are no longer commonplace. [AI] 发达国家之间的战争已不再司空见惯。 The murder rate in Europe [AI] 欧洲的谋杀率 has dropped by a factor of 30 since the Middle Ages. [AI] 自中世纪以来下降了30倍。 And occurrences of civil war and repression [AI] 以及内战和镇压事件 have declined since the end of the Cold War. [AI] 自冷战结束以来,这一数字一直在下降。 Statistics show that we are living in a relatively peaceful era. [AI] 统计数字表明,我们生活在一个相对和平的时代。 Why? [AI] 为什么? Why has violence decreased? [AI] 为什么暴力有所减少? Has the human mind changed? [AI] 人类的思想改变了吗? Well. we were talking about the human mind this morning. [AI] 好今天早上我们在谈论人类的思维。 Did we simply lose our beastly impulses for revenge. [AI] 我们只是失去了复仇的兽性冲动。 for violent rituals. [AI] 用于暴力仪式。 for pure rage? [AI] 为了纯粹的愤怒? Or is there something else? [AI] 还是有别的事? In his latest book. Harvard professor Steven Pinker -- [AI] 在他的新书中。哈佛大学教授史蒂文·平克-- and many other thinkers before him -- [AI] 以及他之前的许多其他思想家-- concludes that one of the main drivers [AI] 得出结论,主要驱动因素之一 behind less violent societies [AI] 在不那么暴力的社会背后 is the spread of the constitutional state [AI] 是宪政国家的传播吗 and the introduction. on a large scale. [AI] 以及导言。大规模地。 of the state monopoly on the legitimized use of violence -- [AI] 国家对合法使用暴力的垄断-- legitimized by a democratically elected government. [AI] 被民选政府合法化。 legitimized by checks and balances and an independent judicial system. [AI] 通过制衡和独立的司法制度使其合法化。 In other words. a state monopoly [AI] 换句话说。国家垄断 that has the use of violence well under control. [AI] 这使得暴力的使用得到了很好的控制。 Such a state monopoly on violence. first of all. serves as a reassurance. [AI] 这样的国家垄断了暴力。首先这是一种安慰。 It removes the incentive for an arms race [AI] 它消除了军备竞赛的动机 between potentially hostile groups in our societies. [AI] 在我们社会中潜在的敌对团体之间。 Secondly. the presence of penalties [AI] 其次惩罚的存在 that outweigh the benefits of using violence [AI] 这超过了使用暴力的好处 tips the balance even further. [AI] 这进一步打破了平衡。 Abstaining from violence [AI] 戒除暴力 becomes more profitable than starting a war. [AI] 比发动战争更有利可图。 Now nonviolence starts to work like a flywheel. [AI] 现在,非暴力开始像飞轮一样运转。 It enhances peace even further. [AI] 它进一步促进了和平。 Where there is no conflict. trade flourishes. [AI] 没有冲突的地方。贸易繁荣。 And trade is another important incentive against violence. [AI] 而贸易是反对暴力的另一个重要诱因。 With trade. there's mutual interdependency and mutual gain between parties. [AI] 与贸易有关。各方之间存在着相互依赖和互利。 And when there is mutual gain. both sides stand to lose more [AI] 当双方都有利益的时候。双方都会损失更多 than they would gain if they started a war. [AI] 如果他们发动战争,他们会得到更多。 War is simply no longer the best option. [AI] 战争不再是最好的选择。 and that is why violence has decreased. [AI] 这就是暴力减少的原因。 This. ladies and gentlemen. [AI] 这女士们,先生们。 is the rationale behind the existence of my armed forces. [AI] 是我的军队存在的理由。 The armed forces implement the state monopoly on violence. [AI] 武装部队对暴力实行国家垄断。 We do this in a legitimized way [AI] 我们这样做是合法的 only after our democracy has asked us to do so. [AI] 只有在我们的民主要求我们这样做之后。 It is this legitimate. controlled use of the gun [AI] 这是合法的。枪支的控制使用 that has contributed greatly [AI] 这作出了巨大贡献 to reducing the statistics of war. conflict and violence around the globe. [AI] 减少战争的统计数字。全球的冲突和暴力。 It is this participation in peacekeeping missions [AI] 正是这种对维和特派团的参与 that has led to the resolution of many civil wars. [AI] 这导致了许多内战的解决。 My soldiers use the gun as an instrument of peace. [AI] 我的士兵们把枪当作和平的工具。 And this is exactly why failed states are so dangerous. [AI] 这正是失败国家如此危险的原因。 Failed states have no legitimized. democratically controlled use of force. [AI] 失败的国家没有合法性。民主控制的武力使用。 Failed states do not know of the gun as an instrument of peace and stability. [AI] 失败的国家不知道枪支是和平与稳定的工具。 That is why failed states can drag down a whole region into chaos and conflict. [AI] 这就是为什么失败的国家可以把整个地区拖入混乱和冲突。 That is why spreading the concept of the constitutional state [AI] 这就是为什么要传播宪政国家的概念 is such an important aspect of our foreign missions. [AI] 这是我们外交任务的一个重要方面。 That is why we are trying to build a judicial system [AI] 这就是为什么我们正在努力建立一个司法系统 right now in Afghanistan. [AI] 现在在阿富汗。 That is why we train police officers. we train judges. [AI] 这就是我们培训警官的原因。我们培训法官。 we train public prosecutors around the world. [AI] 我们在世界各地培训检察官。 And that is why -- [AI] 这就是为什么-- and in the Netherlands. we are very unique in that -- [AI] 在荷兰。我们在这方面非常独特-- that is why the Dutch constitution states [AI] 这就是荷兰宪法规定的原因 that one of the main tasks of the armed forces [AI] 这是军队的主要任务之一 is to uphold and promote the international rule of law. [AI] 就是要维护和促进国际法治。 Ladies and gentlemen. [AI] 女士们,先生们。 looking at this gun. we are confronted with the ugly side of the human mind. [AI] 看看这把枪。我们面临着人类思想丑陋的一面。 Every day I hope that politicians. diplomats. development workers [AI] 我每天都希望政治家们。外交官。发展工作者 can turn conflict into peace [AI] 可以把冲突变成和平 and threat [AI] 和威胁 into hope. [AI] 进入希望。 And I hope that one day armies can be disbanded [AI] 我希望有一天军队可以解散 and humans will find a way of living together [AI] 人类将找到一种共同生活的方式 without violence and oppression. [AI] 没有暴力和压迫。 But until that day comes. [AI] 但在那一天到来之前。 we will have to make ideals and human failure [AI] 我们必须使理想和人类失败 meet somewhere in the middle. [AI] 在中间相遇。 Until that day comes. I stand for my father [AI] 直到那一天到来。我代表我父亲 who tried to shoot the Nazis with an old gun. [AI] 他试图用一把旧枪射杀纳粹。 I stand for my men and women who are prepared to risk their lives [AI] 我支持那些准备冒生命危险的人 for a less violent world for all of us. [AI] 为我们所有人创造一个不那么暴力的世界。 I stand for this soldier who suffered partial hearing loss [AI] 我代表这个部分失聪的士兵 and sustained permanent injuries to her leg. [AI] 她的腿受了永久伤。 when she was hit by a rocket on a mission in Afghanistan. [AI] 当她在阿富汗执行任务时被火箭击中。 Ladies and gentlemen. [AI] 女士们,先生们。 until the day comes when we can do away with the gun. [AI] 直到有一天我们可以扔掉枪。 I hope we all agree [AI] 我希望大家都同意 that peace and stability do not come free of charge. [AI] 和平与稳定不是免费的。 It takes hard work. often behind the scenes. [AI] 这需要艰苦的工作。通常在幕后。 It takes good equipment and well-trained. dedicated soldiers. [AI] 它需要良好的设备和训练有素的员工。忠诚的士兵。 I hope you will support the efforts of our armed forces [AI] 我希望你们支持我们军队的努力 to train soldiers like this young captain [AI] 训练像这位年轻的上尉这样的士兵 and provide her with a good gun. [AI] 给她一把好枪。 instead of the bad gun my father was given. [AI] 给我父亲的不是那把坏枪。 I hope you will support our soldiers when they are out there. [AI] 我希望当我们的士兵在那里的时候,你们会支持他们。 when they come home [AI] 当他们回家的时候 and when they are injured and need our care. [AI] 当他们受伤需要我们照顾的时候。 They put their lives on the line. for us. for you. [AI] 他们冒着生命危险。对我们来说。为你。 and we cannot let them down. [AI] 我们不能让他们失望。 I hope you will respect my soldiers. [AI] 我希望你们尊重我的士兵。 this soldier with this gun. [AI] 这个拿着枪的士兵。 Because she wants a better world. [AI] 因为她想要一个更美好的世界。 Because she makes an active contribution to a better world. [AI] 因为她对一个更美好的世界做出了积极的贡献。 just like all of us here today. [AI] 就像今天在座的所有人一样。 Thank you very much. [AI] 非常感谢你。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声)

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