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【TED】增强现实如何改变手术界的未来

 

According to the theories of human social development. [AI] 根据人类社会发展理论。 we're now living through the fourth great epoch of technological advancement. [AI] 我们现在正经历着技术进步的第四个伟大时代。 the Information Age. [AI] 信息时代。 Connectivity through digital technology is a modern miracle. [AI] 通过数字技术实现互联互通是一个现代奇迹。 We can say it has broken down barriers of time and space which separate people. [AI] 我们可以说,它打破了分隔人们的时间和空间的障碍。 and it's created a condition for an age where information. ideas can be shared freely. [AI] 这为信息时代创造了条件。思想可以自由分享。 But are these great accomplishments in digital technology really the endgame in terms of what can be achieved? [AI] 但就可以实现的目标而言,这些数字技术方面的伟大成就真的是终结吗? I don't think so. [AI] 我不这么认为。 and today I'd like to share with you [AI] 今天我想和大家分享 how I believe digital technology can take us to even greater heights. [AI] 我如何相信数字技术可以把我们带到更高的高度。 I'm a surgeon by profession. [AI] 我的职业是外科医生。 and as I stand here today talking to all of you. [AI] 今天我站在这里和你们大家谈话。 five billion people around the world lack access to safe surgical care. [AI] 全世界50亿人无法获得安全的外科治疗。 Five billion people. [AI] 50亿人。 That's 70 percent of the world's population. [AI] 这是世界人口的70%。 who according to the WHO's Lancet Commission [AI] 根据世界卫生组织柳叶刀委员会 can't even access simple surgical procedures as and when they need them. [AI] 他们甚至不能在需要的时候进行简单的外科手术。 Let's zoom in on Sierra Leone. [AI] 让我们放大塞拉利昂。 a country of six million people. [AI] 一个有六百万人口的国家。 where a recent study showed that there are only 10 qualified surgeons. [AI] 最近的一项研究表明只有10名合格的外科医生。 That's one surgeon for every 600.000 people. [AI] 每60万人中就有一名外科医生。 The numbers are staggering. [AI] 数字惊人。 and we don't even need to look that far. [AI] 我们甚至不需要看那么远。 If we look around us here in the US. [AI] 如果我们看看美国的周围。 a recent study reported that we need an extra 100.000 surgeons by 2030 [AI] 最近的一项研究报告称,到2030年,我们需要额外的10万名外科医生 to just keep up with the demand for routine surgical procedures. [AI] 只是为了满足常规外科手术的需求。 At the rate that we're going. we won't be meeting those numbers. [AI] 以我们前进的速度。我们不会满足这些数字。 As a surgeon. this is a global issue that bothers me. [AI] 作为一名外科医生。这是一个困扰我的全球性问题。 It bothers me a lot. [AI] 这让我很烦恼。 because I've seen firsthand [AI] 因为我亲眼见过 how lack of access to safe and affordable healthcare [AI] 如何获得安全和负担得起的医疗保健 can blight the lives of ordinary people. [AI] 会影响普通人的生活。 If you're a patient that needs an operation [AI] 如果你是一个需要手术的病人 and there isn't a surgeon available. [AI] 而且也没有外科医生。 you're left with some really difficult choices: [AI] 你将面临一些非常困难的选择: to wait. to travel. [AI] 等待。旅行。 or not to have an operation at all. [AI] 或者根本不动手术。 So what's the answer? [AI] 那么答案是什么? Well. part of you are carrying some of that solution with you today: [AI] 好今天,你身上带着一些解决方案: a smartphone. a tablet. a computer. [AI] 智能手机。平板电脑。一台计算机。 Because for me. [AI] 因为对我来说。 digital communications technology has the power to do so much more [AI] 数字通信技术有能力做更多的事情 than just to allow us to shop online. [AI] 而不仅仅是让我们在网上购物。 to connect through social media platforms and to stay up to date. [AI] 通过社交媒体平台进行连接并保持最新。 It has the power to help us solve some of the key issues that we face. [AI] 它有能力帮助我们解决我们面临的一些关键问题。 like lack of access to vital surgical services. [AI] 比如缺少重要的外科服务。 And today I'd like to share with you [AI] 今天我想和大家分享 an example of how I think we can make that possible. [AI] 这是一个我认为我们可以做到这一点的例子。 The history of surgery is filled with breakthroughs [AI] 外科手术的历史充满了突破 in how science and technology was able to help the surgeons of the day [AI] 科学技术是如何帮助当时的外科医生的 face their greatest challenges. [AI] 面对他们最大的挑战。 If we go back several hundred years. [AI] 如果我们追溯到几百年前。 an understanding of microbiology [AI] 对微生物学的理解 led to the development of antiseptic techniques. [AI] 导致了防腐技术的发展。 which played a big role in making sure patients were able to stay alive postsurgery. [AI] 在确保患者术后存活方面发挥了重要作用。 Fast-forward a few hundred years [AI] 快进几百年 and we developed keyhole or arthroscopic surgery. [AI] 我们开发了锁孔或关节镜手术。 which combines video technology and precision instruments to make surgery less invasive. [AI] 它结合了视频技术和精密仪器,使得手术的侵入性更小。 And more recently. a lot of you will be aware of robotic surgery. [AI] 最近。你们中的很多人都知道机器人手术。 and what robotics brings to surgery is much like modern automated machinery. [AI] 机器人技术给外科手术带来的好处很像现代自动化机器。 ultraprecision. [AI] 超精密。 the ability to carry out procedures at the tiniest scales [AI] 以最小规模执行程序的能力 with a degree of accuracy that even surpasses the human hand. [AI] 准确度甚至超过了人手。 But robotic surgery also introduced something else to surgery: [AI] 但是机器人手术也给手术带来了一些其他的东西: the idea that a surgeon [AI] 一个外科医生 doesn't actually have to be standing at the patient's bedside to deliver care. [AI] 实际上不必站在患者床边进行护理。 that he could be looking at a screen [AI] 他可能在看屏幕 and instructing a robot through a computer. [AI] 并通过计算机指导机器人。 We call this remote surgery. [AI] 我们称之为远程手术。 It is incumbent on us [AI] 这是我们义不容辞的责任 to find solutions that solve these answers in a cost-effective and scalable way. [AI] 以经济高效和可扩展的方式找到解决这些问题的解决方案。 so that everyone. no matter where they are in the world. [AI] 让大家都知道。不管他们在世界的什么地方。 can have these problems addressed. [AI] 我们可以解决这些问题。 So what if I told you that you didn't really need a million-dollar robot to provide remote surgery? [AI] 那么,如果我告诉你,你真的不需要一个百万美元的机器人来提供远程手术呢? That all you needed was a phone. a tablet. or a computer. [AI] 你只需要一部电话。平板电脑。或者一台电脑。 an internet connection. [AI] 互联网连接。 a confident colleague on the ground [AI] 实地的一位自信的同事 and one magic ingredient: [AI] 还有一个神奇的成分: an augmented reality collaboration software. [AI] 增强现实协作软件。 Using this augmented reality collaboration software. [AI] 使用这个增强现实协作软件。 an expert surgeon can now virtually transport himself into any clinical setting [AI] 一位专家外科医生现在几乎可以将自己转移到任何临床环境中 simply by using his phone or tablet or computer. [AI] 只需使用他的手机、平板电脑或电脑。 and he can visually and practically interact in an operation from start to finish. [AI] 他可以在手术中从头到尾进行视觉和实际的互动。 guiding and mentoring a local doctor through the procedure step by step. [AI] 一步一步地指导和指导当地医生。 Well. enough of me telling you about it. [AI] 好我已经告诉你够多了。 I'd now like to show you. [AI] 我现在想给你看。 We're now going to go live to Dr. Marc Tompkins. [AI] 我们现在要向马克·汤普金斯博士直播。 an orthopedic surgeon at the University of Minnesota. [AI] 明尼苏达大学的整形外科医生。 He's going to perform an arthroscopic surgery for us. [AI] 他将为我们做关节镜手术。 a keyhole surgery of the knee. [AI] 膝盖的锁孔手术。 and I'd like to disclose [AI] 我想透露一下 that this patient has consented to having their operation streamed. [AI] 该患者已同意进行手术。 I'd also like to point out that in the interest of time. [AI] 我还想指出,为了时间的利益。 we're just going to go through the first steps. [AI] 我们将只进行第一步。 marking up the patient [AI] 给病人打分数 and just identifying a few key anatomical landmarks. [AI] 只需确定几个关键的解剖标志。 Hello. Dr. Tompkins. can you hear me? [AI] 你好汤普金斯博士。你能听到我说话吗? Dr. Mark Tompkins: Good morning. Nadine. [AI] 马克·汤普金斯博士:早上好。纳丁。 Nadine Hachach-Haram: Everyone from TED says hello. [AI] 纳丁·哈查赫·哈拉姆:TED的每个人都打招呼。 Audience: Hi. [AI] 观众:嗨。 NHH: Alright. Dr. Tompkins. let's get started. [AI] NHH:好的。汤普金斯博士。让我们开始吧。 So let's start with our incisions and where we're going to make these. [AI] 让我们从切口开始,从哪里开始。 on either side of the patellar tendon. [AI] 在髌腱的两侧。 So if you can make your incisions there and there. [AI] 所以如果你能在那里切割的话。 that should hopefully get us into the knee. [AI] 这很有可能让我们的膝盖受伤。 MT: All right. I'm going in. [AI] MT:好的。我要进去了。 NHH: Great. [AI] NHH:太好了。 So we're just getting inside the joint now. [AI] 所以我们现在就要进监狱了。 So why don't we go around and have a quick look at the meniscus. [AI] 那么我们为什么不四处看看半月板呢。 MT: Perfect. [AI] 太好了。 NHH: Great. so we can see there's a small tear there on the meniscus. [AI] NHH:太好了。我们可以看到半月板上有一个小裂口。 but otherwise it looks alright. [AI] 但除此之外,它看起来还不错。 And if you turn and head to this direction. [AI] 如果你转向这个方向。 follow my finger. [AI] 跟着我的手指走。 let's have a quick look at the ACL and the PCL. [AI] 让我们快速查看一下ACL和PCL。 That's your ACL there. that looks quite healthy. [AI] 那是你的ACL。看起来很健康。 no problems there. [AI] 没问题。 So we've just identified that small meniscus tear there. [AI] 我们刚刚确认了那个小半月板撕裂。 but otherwise the fluid around the joint looks OK as well. [AI] 但除此之外,关节周围的液体看起来也不错。 All right. thank you very much. Dr. Tompkins. Thank you for your time. [AI] 好吧非常感谢你。汤普金斯博士。谢谢你抽出时间。 I'll let you continue. [AI] 我让你继续。 Have a good day. Bye. [AI] 祝您今天过得愉快。再见 (Applause) [AI] (掌声) So I hope through this simple demonstration [AI] 所以我希望通过这个简单的演示 I was able to illustrate to you just how powerful this technology can be. [AI] 我能够向你们说明这项技术有多么强大。 And I'd like to point out that I wasn't using any special equipment. [AI] 我想指出的是,我没有使用任何特殊设备。 just my laptop and a really simple webcam. [AI] 只有我的笔记本电脑和一个非常简单的网络摄像头。 We're so used to using digital technology [AI] 我们已经习惯了使用数字技术 to communicate through voice and text and video. [AI] 通过语音、文字和视频进行交流。 but augmented reality can do something so much deeper. [AI] 但增强现实技术可以做得更深。 It allows two people to virtually interact [AI] 它允许两个人进行虚拟交互 in a way that mimics how they would collaborate in person. [AI] 以一种模仿他们亲自合作的方式。 Being able to show someone what you want to do. to illustrate and demonstrate and gesture. [AI] 能够让别人知道你想做什么。说明、演示和做手势。 is so much more powerful than just telling them. [AI] 比仅仅告诉他们要强大得多。 And it can make for such a great learning tool. [AI] 它可以成为一个非常好的学习工具。 because we learn better through direct experience. [AI] 因为我们通过直接经验学习得更好。 So how is this making a difference around the world? [AI] 那么,这对全世界有什么影响呢? Well. back in my teaching hospital. [AI] 好回到我的教学医院。 we've been using this to support local district general hospitals [AI] 我们一直在用它来支持当地的地区综合医院 and providing skin cancer surgery and trauma treatment. [AI] 提供皮肤癌手术和创伤治疗。 Now. patients can access care at a local level. [AI] 现在患者可以在当地获得护理。 This reduces their travel time. improves their access. [AI] 这减少了他们的旅行时间。改善他们的访问。 and saves money. [AI] 而且省钱。 We've even started seeing its use in wound care management with nurses [AI] 我们甚至开始看到它在护士伤口护理管理中的应用 and in outpatient management. [AI] 在门诊管理方面。 Most recently. and quite exciting. [AI] 最近。非常令人兴奋。 it was used in supporting a surgeon through a cancer removal of a kidney. [AI] 它被用于支持外科医生切除肾脏肿瘤。 And I'd like to just share with you a very quick video here. [AI] 我想在这里和大家分享一个非常快速的视频。 I apologize for some of the gruesome views. [AI] 我为一些令人毛骨悚然的观点道歉。 (Video) Doctor 1: OK. Show me again. [AI] (视频)医生1:好的。再给我看看。 Doctor 2: If you see here. [AI] 医生2:如果你看到这里。 that's the upper part. the most outer part of your tumor. [AI] 那是上半部分。肿瘤最外层的部分。 Doctor 1: Yes. [AI] 医生1:是的。 Doctor 2: So it's three centimeters deep. [AI] 医生2:那么它有三厘米深。 so this should be three centimeters. [AI] 这应该是三厘米。 Doctor 1: Yes. yes. [AI] 医生1:是的。对 Doctor 2: OK. so you need to get a 3.5 margin. [AI] 医生2:好的。所以你需要获得3.5的利润。 Doctor 1: I'm going to show you anyway [AI] 医生1:不管怎样,我都要给你看 and tell me what you think about it. [AI] 告诉我你是怎么想的。 NHH: We're also seeing the use of this technology at a global scale. [AI] NHH:我们也看到了这项技术在全球范围内的应用。 and one of the most heartwarming stories I can recall [AI] 我能回忆起的最温馨的故事之一 is from the town of Trujillo in the north of Lima in Peru. [AI] 来自秘鲁利马北部的特鲁希略镇。 where this technology was used to support the provision of cleft lip and palate surgery to children. [AI] 该技术用于支持为儿童提供唇腭裂手术。 children from poor backgrounds who didn't have access to health insurance. [AI] 没有医疗保险的贫困儿童。 And in this town. there was a hospital with one surgeon [AI] 在这个镇上。有一家医院有一名外科医生 working hard to provide this care. [AI] 努力提供这种护理。 Dr. Soraya. [AI] 索拉亚博士。 Now. Dr. Soraya was struggling under the sheer demand of her local population. [AI] 现在索拉亚博士在当地居民的强烈需求下苦苦挣扎。 as well as the fact that she wasn't specifically trained in this procedure. [AI] 以及她没有接受过这方面的专门培训。 And so. with the help of a charity. [AI] 等等。在慈善机构的帮助下。 we were able to connect her with a cleft surgeon in California. [AI] 我们能把她和加利福尼亚的一位唇裂外科医生联系起来。 and using this technology. he was able to guide her and her colleagues [AI] 使用这项技术。他能够指导她和她的同事 through the procedure step by step. [AI] 一步一步地通过这个程序。 guiding them. training them and teaching them. [AI] 引导他们。训练他们,教他们。 Within a few months. [AI] 几个月之内。 they were able to perform 30 percent more operations [AI] 他们能够执行30%以上的操作 with less and less complications. [AI] 并发症越来越少。 And now Dr. Soraya and her team can perform these operations [AI] 现在索拉亚博士和她的团队可以进行这些手术了 independently. competently and confidently. [AI] 独立地。干练而自信。 And I remember one quote from a mother who said. [AI] 我还记得一位母亲说过的一句话。 "This technology gave my daughter her smile." [AI] “这项技术让我女儿笑了。” For me. this is the real power of this technology. [AI] 为了我。这就是这项技术的真正力量。 The beauty is that it breaks boundaries. [AI] 美在于它打破了界限。 It transcends all technological difficulties. [AI] 它超越了所有技术难题。 It connects people. It democratizes access. [AI] 它把人们联系起来。它使访问民主化。 Wi-Fi and mobile technology are growing rapidly. [AI] Wi-Fi和移动技术发展迅速。 and they should play a role in boosting surgical provision. [AI] 他们应该在促进手术供应方面发挥作用。 We've even seen it used in conflict zones where there's considerable risk [AI] 我们甚至看到它在有相当大风险的冲突地区使用 in getting specialist surgeons to certain locations. [AI] 把专业外科医生送到特定地点。 In a world where there are more mobile devices than there are human beings. [AI] 在一个移动设备比人类多的世界里。 it truly has a global reach. [AI] 它确实具有全球影响力。 Of course. we've still got a long way [AI] 当然我们还有很长的路要走 before we can solve the problem of getting surgery to five billion people. [AI] 在我们能解决给50亿人做手术之前。 and unfortunately. [AI] 不幸的是。 some people still don't have access to internet. [AI] 有些人仍然无法上网。 But things are rapidly moving in the right direction. [AI] 但事情正在朝着正确的方向迅速发展。 The potential for change is there. [AI] 改变的潜力是存在的。 My team and I are growing our global footprint. [AI] 我和我的团队正在扩大我们的全球足迹。 and we're starting to see the potential of this technology. [AI] 我们开始看到这项技术的潜力。 Through digital technology. [AI] 通过数字技术。 through simple. everyday devices that we take for granted. [AI] 通过简单。我们认为理所当然的日常设备。 through devices of the future. [AI] 通过未来的设备。 we can really do miraculous things. [AI] 我们真的可以做奇迹。 Thank you. [AI] 非常感谢。 (Applause) [AI] (掌声)

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